As children grow, they explore a diverse landscape of environments and interactions, each holding unique challenges and opportunities. Why do some children thrive with positive development, while others face difficulties? This study aims to investigate this fundamental question through interdisciplinary studies of child development. With behavioral, neural, and physiological evidence, we seek to provide insights into children’s positive development. By emphasizing developmental dynamics, we aim to contribute insights into children’s cognitive resilience, optimal opportunities for healthy development, and wisdom endowment for both parents and children.